Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a significant concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It investigates various aspects, inclu

Nanocarbon materials have emerged as revolutionary tools across diverse industries, reshaping the landscape of technology. Propelled by advancements in manufacturing techniques, the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) has undergone a paradigm shift, paving the way for unprecedented implementations. These unprecedented

Chromium oxide is an inorganic compound with a remarkable range of unique properties. It presents in various forms, including chromium(III) oxide (Cr₂O₃), also known as chromia, which exhibits excellent resistance. This oxide demonstrates exceptional heat points, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. Furthermore, chromium oxide